01 - Rinse pearl barley under cold running water. Combine barley, 3 cups water, and kosher salt in a medium saucepan. Bring to a rolling boil, then reduce heat to low, cover tightly, and simmer for 25–30 minutes until grains are tender and liquid is fully absorbed. Drain any remaining liquid if needed.
02 - While the barley simmers, warm olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the finely chopped onion and sauté for approximately 3 minutes until translucent and softened.
03 - Stir in the minced garlic and diced zucchini. Cook for 6–8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the zucchini is fork-tender and lightly golden around the edges.
04 - Add the roughly chopped spinach to the skillet and cook for 2–3 minutes, tossing gently, until fully wilted. Season generously with freshly ground black pepper.
05 - Once the barley is fully cooked, transfer it to the skillet with the sautéed vegetables. Stir thoroughly to combine and warm everything through over low heat.
06 - Remove the skillet from heat. Drizzle in the fresh lemon juice and fold in half of the grated Parmesan cheese, stirring until evenly distributed.
07 - If using eggs, fry or poach them to your preferred doneness in a separate pan.
08 - Divide the barley and vegetable mixture evenly among 4 serving bowls. Crown each bowl with a cooked egg, a sprinkle of the remaining Parmesan, and a scattering of fresh chopped herbs.